Ned regularly stuck a pack of gum or two into his pocket before leaving the supermarket. He did not think of this as shoplifting. The packs never added up to more than a dollar. Besides, he thought, the store was ripping customers off so why not get even. Ned was
a.
rationalizing.
b.
thrill seeking.
c.
fantasizing.
d.
undergoing negative state relief.
e.
counting the risks and rewards so as to optimize his shoplifting behavior.
Answer: A