Products such as cocaine, alcohol, and tobacco may be more tempting for minors to steal because

Products such as cocaine, alcohol, and tobacco may be more tempting for minors to steal because

a.
consumers are too embarrassed to buy them through conventional channels.
b.
these products are contraband items.
c.
these products tend to be sold in low-crime areas.
d.
of their relatively low prices.
e.
the packaging attracts a high level of attention from customers.

Answer: B

Products such as condoms or pregnancy tests may be more tempting to steal because

Products such as condoms or pregnancy tests may be more tempting to steal because

a.
consumers are too embarrassed to buy them through conventional channels.
b.
they are scarce and difficult to obtain through conventional channels.
c.
the types of consumers who purchase these products are more likely to steal.
d.
these products are contraband items.
e.
the packaging attracts a high level of attention from customers.

Answer: A

Some researchers suggest that marketers ____, creating insatiable desires for new products and services that can lead to a temptation to steal.

Some researchers suggest that marketers ____, creating insatiable desires for new products and services that can lead to a temptation to steal.

a.
rely too much on word-of-mouth for promotion
b.
rely too much on feature displays in retail stores
c.
promote too much through sales and coupons
d.
promote too much through free samples and not enough through coupons or sales
e.
stimulate unfulfilled aspirations for enticing products

Answer: E

Sometimes people steal just because they know it is something they are not supposed to do. This is known as

Sometimes people steal just because they know it is something they are not supposed to do. This is known as

a.
compulsion.
b.
elation.
c.
paranoid purchasing.
d.
thrill-seeking tendency.
e.
psychotic shoplifting.

Answer: D

____ and ____ are two psychological factors that best explain theft behavior.

____ and ____ are two psychological factors that best explain theft behavior.

a.
Mood / the ability to steal
b.
Mood / the opportunity to steal
c.
Temptation / the ability to rationalize theft behavior
d.
Ability / the opportunity to steal
e.
Temptation / the ability to steal

Answer: C

The following statement is true about the factors affecting shoplifting.

The following statement is true about the factors affecting shoplifting.

a.
It is driven primarily by economic need.
b.
Consumers from all walks of life engage in it.
c.
Only middle-aged consumers engage in it.
d.
It is driven primarily by a need to relieve depressed moods.
e.
It only occurs in the inner city.

Answer: B

____ arise(s) when consumers want products that they cannot obtain through legitimate forms of acquisition.

____ arise(s) when consumers want products that they cannot obtain through legitimate forms of acquisition.

a.
The temptation to steal
b.
Deconstruction fantasies
c.
Fraud
d.
Unarmed robbery
e.
Binging







Answer: A

Some forms of consumer theft are associated with certain demographic groups. Credit card fraud is more common among

Some forms of consumer theft are associated with certain demographic groups. Credit card fraud is more common among

a.
teens.
b.
divorced individuals.
c.
the elderly.
d.
empty nesters.
e.
better-educated consumers.

Answer: E

____ often create(s) new forms of consumer theft.

____ often create(s) new forms of consumer theft.

a.
Security systems
b.
Consumer education
c.
Armed fraud
d.
Innovations in products or services
e.
Inadequate levels of advertising

Answer: D

All of the following are ways in which marketers could help compulsive buyers overcome their addiction except

All of the following are ways in which marketers could help compulsive buyers overcome their addiction except

a.
liberal return policies.
b.
easy credit terms.
c.
sales training in compulsive buying.
d.
denials for credit increases.
e.
contributions to self-help organizations.

Answer: B

Compulsive buying provides an opportunity for social gratification for those who may feel

Compulsive buying provides an opportunity for social gratification for those who may feel

a.
paranoid.
b.
overly concerned with finances.
c.
a complete lack of concern about finances.
d.
alienated from society.
e.
out of control about shopping.

Answer: D

A personality trait often linked to consumers who compulsively buy by making them feel more important than they actually are is called

A personality trait often linked to consumers who compulsively buy by making them feel more important than they actually are is called

a.
addictive hedonics.
b.
compulsive pleasure.
c.
emotional absence.
d.
fantasy orientation.
e.
temporary self-esteem.

Answer: A

Thad enjoyed the attention the salespeople gave him each week when he went to buy wallpaper. They seemed genuinely pleased to see him, which he felt was not always so for other people. This is an example of how giving attention to and pleasing others can

Thad enjoyed the attention the salespeople gave him each week when he went to buy wallpaper. They seemed genuinely pleased to see him, which he felt was not always so for other people. This is an example of how giving attention to and pleasing others can

a.
ease tensions and allow the consumer relief from the real pressures from work.
b.
elicit feelings of excitement to relieve the boredom of everyday life.
c.
remove the stigma of buying such products.
d.
stimulate feelings of nostalgia for better times thus increasing propensity to buy.
e.
raise the compulsive buyer's self-esteem and act as a reinforcement for buying.

Answer: E

Buying makes compulsive buyers feel more important and more grandiose than they actually are. These fantasy feelings may explain how compulsive buyers

Buying makes compulsive buyers feel more important and more grandiose than they actually are. These fantasy feelings may explain how compulsive buyers

a.
are able to control other people.
b.
avoid the financial consequences of their shopping.
c.
escape thoughts about the financial consequences of their shopping.
d.
elicit sympathy from others.
e.
become innovators in a product category.

Answer: C

All of the following are personality factors that are likely to affect compulsive buying except

All of the following are personality factors that are likely to affect compulsive buying except

a.
low self-esteem.
b.
a high degree of social contacts in society.
c.
fantasy orientation.
d.
alienation from society.
e.
families with a history of compulsive behaviors.

Answer: B

____ brings an emotional high followed by feelings of remorse, guilt, shame, and depression.

____ brings an emotional high followed by feelings of remorse, guilt, shame, and depression.

a.
Compulsive buying
b.
Smoking
c.
Environmental destruction
d.
Underconsumption
e.
A repressed memory

Answer: A

John has always had a bad habit. When he enters a department store, he feels a great sense of exhilaration and spends lots of money to buy things he does not need. John still does this even though he has to be very careful with money these days since he is out of a job. John has a problem with

John has always had a bad habit. When he enters a department store, he feels a great sense of exhilaration and spends lots of money to buy things he does not need. John still does this even though he has to be very careful with money these days since he is out of a job. John has a problem with

a.
bulimia.
b.
anorexia.
c.
excessive saving syndrome.
d.
excessive disposal syndrome.
e.
compulsive buying.

Answer: E

An example of deviant usage behavior that is illegal is

An example of deviant usage behavior that is illegal is

a.
smoking.
b.
underage drinking.
c.
compulsive buying.
d.
binge eating.
e.
black markets.

Answer: B

Behavior is deviant if it

Behavior is deviant if it

a.
is either unexpected or not sanctioned by members of society.
b.
is deceptive.
c.
is sanctimonious.
d.
appeals to either a niche segment or to a shrinking consumer segment.
e.
is not environmentally conscious or accepted by major newspapers.

Answer: A

Betty carefully selected her mother's Christmas gift. She spent hours selecting the right gift and then wrapping it. This is the ____ stage of gift giving.

Betty carefully selected her mother's Christmas gift. She spent hours selecting the right gift and then wrapping it. This is the ____ stage of gift giving.

a.
gestation
b.
presentation
c.
reformulation
d.
instrumental
e.
obligatory

Answer: A

The ____ involves the motives for and emotions surrounding giving, the nature and meaning of the gift, the value of the gift, and the amount of time spent searching for a gift.

The ____ involves the motives for and emotions surrounding giving, the nature and meaning of the gift, the value of the gift, and the amount of time spent searching for a gift.

a.
presentation stage
b.
gestation stage
c.
expressiveness function
d.
reflexive thought process
e.
reassociation process

Answer: B

Giving for ____ reasons is giving because the donor derives positive emotional pleasure from the act of giving.

Giving for ____ reasons is giving because the donor derives positive emotional pleasure from the act of giving.

a.
agnostic
b.
altruistic
c.
instrumental
d.
obligatory
e.
ontological








Answer: A

____ are people, things, and places that are set apart, revered, worshipped, and treated with great respect.

____ are people, things, and places that are set apart, revered, worshipped, and treated with great respect.

a.
Emblems
b.
Symbols
c.
Substantiated objects
d.
Profane objects
e.
Sacred entities




Answer: E

____ are enacted at the disposition stage and are designed to wipe away all traces of our personal meaning in a product.

____ are enacted at the disposition stage and are designed to wipe away all traces of our personal meaning in a product.

a.
Possession rituals
b.
Acquisition rites
c.
Grooming rituals
d.
Divestment rituals
e.
Referential scripts





Answer: D

Through the years, Herb has named all of his cars "Betsy." He will often talk to his car and occasionally pampers it with a special oil treatment. This is an example of

Through the years, Herb has named all of his cars "Betsy." He will often talk to his car and occasionally pampers it with a special oil treatment. This is an example of

a.
possession indulgence.
b.
obsessive possessions.
c.
personifying a special possession.
d.
ritualistic gestation.
e.
craziness.

Answer: C

Some consumers spend hours washing and waxing their cars. This could be classified as a(n)

Some consumers spend hours washing and waxing their cars. This could be classified as a(n)

a.
possession ritual.
b.
acquisition rite.
c.
grooming ritual.
d.
divestment ritual.
e.
referential script.

Answer: C

Many professors display their PhD diplomas on their office walls. The diplomas are

Many professors display their PhD diplomas on their office walls. The diplomas are

a.
part of the professors' collections.
b.
ethnic emblems.
c.
gender emblems.
d.
special possessions symbolizing achievement.
e.
egocentric rituals.

Answer: D

All of the following are characteristics of special possessions except that they

All of the following are characteristics of special possessions except that they

a.
will not be sold at market value.
b.
will often be used for their original purpose.
c.
are often purchased with little regard for price.
d.
are often non-substitutable.
e.
are not discarded.

Answer: B

Lily had a pet iguana named Fred for several years. Since Fred could be considered a special possession, he

Lily had a pet iguana named Fred for several years. Since Fred could be considered a special possession, he

a.
relates to her ideal identity.
b.
relates to her actual identity.
c.
has a self expressive value.
d.
can really be enjoyed by others.
e.
is unlikely to be sold.

Answer: E

According to ____, our self-concept can be decomposed into many separate identities called actual identity schemas.

According to ____, our self-concept can be decomposed into many separate identities called actual identity schemas.

a.
the self schema law
b.
the self schema axiom
c.
the theory of reasoned action
d.
social identity theory
e.
MOA

Answer: D

____ proposes that we evaluate brands in terms of their consistency with our individual self-identities.

____ proposes that we evaluate brands in terms of their consistency with our individual self-identities.

a.
Weber's law
b.
The individuality model
c.
Social identity theory
d.
The evaluative principle
e.
Consistency theory

Answer: C

We may enjoy a special painting or item of clothing because it was a gift from a friend. Thus, this object is fulfilling the

We may enjoy a special painting or item of clothing because it was a gift from a friend. Thus, this object is fulfilling the

a.
connectedness function.
b.
expressiveness function.
c.
bridging schema.
d.
reflexive thought process.
e.
dissociative reference group.

Answer: A

Products and consumption activities that serve the ____ reinforce our personal relationships to significant people, events, or experiences in our lives.

Products and consumption activities that serve the ____ reinforce our personal relationships to significant people, events, or experiences in our lives.

a.
connectedness function
b.
expressiveness function
c.
bridging schema
d.
reflexive thought process
e.
dissociative reference group

Answer: A

When consumers are in the phase of ____, marketers may find it advantageous to promote their product as useful in incorporating a new role.

When consumers are in the phase of ____, marketers may find it advantageous to promote their product as useful in incorporating a new role.

a.
role disposition
b.
stagnation
c.
anticipatory stagnation
d.
role stretch
e.
anticipatory role acquisition

Answer: E

____ others that indicates their successful role performance is often very important to the nouveau riche.

____ others that indicates their successful role performance is often very important to the nouveau riche.

a.
Role conflict with
b.
Symbolic criticism from
c.
Reflexive evaluation from
d.
Role redux from
e.
Referencing from






Answer: C

___ use(s) possessions not only to demonstrate their (its) role but also to validate their (its) role.

____ use(s) possessions not only to demonstrate their (its) role but also to validate their (its) role.

a.
Old wealth
b.
The nouveau riche
c.
The working class
d.
The new poor
e.
Self-actualizers

Answer: B

Individuals adopting a new culture often

Individuals adopting a new culture often

a.
hold on to items reminiscent of their old culture.
b.
excessively watch advertisements.
c.
engage in a search for regional emblems.
d.
excessively engage in hedonic consumption.
e.
symbolically dispose of necessities.

Answer: A

Brides magazine targets consumers who are in

Brides magazine targets consumers who are in

a.
a stable role.
b.
role conflict.
c.
role disagreement.
d.
transition.
e.
validation.

Answer: D

When a consumer moves to a new country, they may go through a(n) ____ involving the abandonment or disposition of old customs and symbols and the adoption of new ones stereotypically associated with the new role.

When a consumer moves to a new country, they may go through a(n) ____ involving the abandonment or disposition of old customs and symbols and the adoption of new ones stereotypically associated with the new role.

a.
anticipatory role acquisition
b.
problem recognition struggle
c.
pre-role acquisition search
d.
ritual
e.
cultural transition

Answer: E

Upon ____, many people dispose of possessions that remind them of the other person.

Upon ____, many people dispose of possessions that remind them of the other person.

a.
marriage
b.
retirement
c.
graduation
d.
divorce
e.
the change of teachers

Answer: D

As part of the ____ for a newly married couple, the couple acquires new products that are viewed as culturally appropriate for the role and that help them create a mutual history.

As part of the ____ for a newly married couple, the couple acquires new products that are viewed as culturally appropriate for the role and that help them create a mutual history.

a.
separation from the old role
b.
transition into a new secondary reference group
c.
incorporation phase
d.
search for a geographic reference group
e.
pre-role acquisition search

Answer: C

A Hindu bride's mother-in-law often gives her keys to the house following the wedding. This can best be thought of as a(n)

A Hindu bride's mother-in-law often gives her keys to the house following the wedding. This can best be thought of as a(n)

a.
hedonic consumption product.
b.
product that symbolizes a marital transition.
c.
indicator of economic status.
d.
geographic emblem.
e.
luxury good.

Answer: B

In what is known as ____, we use symbols and engage in rituals to get feedback from others to tell us if we are correctly fulfilling the role.

In what is known as ____, we use symbols and engage in rituals to get feedback from others to tell us if we are correctly fulfilling the role.

a.
reflexive evaluation
b.
feedback embellishment
c.
feedback embolization
d.
associative networking
e.
symbolic role analysis

Answer: A

In role transition, incorporation

In role transition, incorporation

a.
is the first phase of moving from one role to another.
b.
is often marked by experimentation with new identities.
c.
is the final phase of moving from one role to another.
d.
occurs no later than age 18.
e.
usually occurs after the 20s, but always before age 45.

Answer: C

In preparation for marriage, Bill threw out all of his old socks with holes in them. This is an example of

In preparation for marriage, Bill threw out all of his old socks with holes in them. This is an example of

a.
separation from an old role.
b.
stress from role acquisition.
c.
symbol removal.
d.
symbol communication.
e.
disposal of an emblem.

Answer: A

A child gives up her security blanket to signal that she is no longer a little girl. This is best thought of as

A child gives up her security blanket to signal that she is no longer a little girl. This is best thought of as

a.
separation from the old role.
b.
problem recognition.
c.
incorporation.
d.
transition from one role to another.
e.
pre-role acquisition search.

Answer: A

When Joe graduated from school and started his first professional job, he got rid of his ugly orange sofa and bought expensive leather couches to entertain guests. This is an example of products serving

When Joe graduated from school and started his first professional job, he got rid of his ugly orange sofa and bought expensive leather couches to entertain guests. This is an example of products serving

a.
to socialize consumers.
b.
as socioeconomic group development.
c.
as a reference group.
d.
as an aspirational group.
e.
as role acquisition.

Answer: E

Miriam gave up her conservative image and her Honda Accord and started riding a Harley-Davidson after she lost her career position. This is an example of how transition from one role to another

Miriam gave up her conservative image and her Honda Accord and started riding a Harley-Davidson after she lost her career position. This is an example of how transition from one role to another

a.
is the first phase of moving from one role to another.
b.
is often marked by experimentation with new identities.
c.
is the final phase of moving from one role to another.
d.
occurs no later than age 18.
e.
usually occurs after the 20s, but always before age 45.

Answer: B

A status product may be given a premium price, made with certain features that are appropriate only for the targeted buyers, and distributed only in outlets that have a status image. This is best thought of as an example of designing elements of the marketing mix

A status product may be given a premium price, made with certain features that are appropriate only for the targeted buyers, and distributed only in outlets that have a status image. This is best thought of as an example of designing elements of the marketing mix

a.
in communication block building.
b.
in schema dissociation.
c.
in associative creation.
d.
to reinforce the symbolic image.
e.
in consumer socialization.

Answer: D

In an advertisement, an automobile may be linked with status by showing a successful individual wearing expensive clothes and driving it into a house in what appears to be an upper-income neighborhood. This type of advertising would be a part of what is known as

In an advertisement, an automobile may be linked with status by showing a successful individual wearing expensive clothes and driving it into a house in what appears to be an upper-income neighborhood. This type of advertising would be a part of what is known as

a.
advertising myopia.
b.
communication block building.
c.
symbol communication.
d.
schema dissociation.
e.
associative creation.

Answer: C

In a process known as ____, advertising can imbue a product with meaning through the selection of such factors as the setting, time of day, and the types of people in the ad.

In a process known as ____, advertising can imbue a product with meaning through the selection of such factors as the setting, time of day, and the types of people in the ad.

a.
socialization
b.
symbol development
c.
symbol communication
d.
role characterization
e.
cultural consumerism

Answer: C

For the role acquisition function, product use defines the consumer as an individual and the product meaning derives from the

For the role acquisition function, product use defines the consumer as an individual and the product meaning derives from the

a.
individual.
b.
culture.
c.
group.
d.
emblem.
e.
expressiveness of the consumer.

Answer: B